Free Essays on My Mother Pieced Quilts

A Tapestry of Memories The poem, â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts,† by Teresa Palomo Acosta, focuses on the mother’s talent for weaving memories out of old fabric that is otherwise useless. The cloth has come from many different sources, each with it’s own nostalgic significance-communion dresses, wedding gowns, nightclothes, and â€Å"dime store velvets† (Acosta, â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts†, Exploring Poetry, Explanation). Each loose strip of fabric reminds the narrator of her childhood memories-the good ones and the bad. â€Å"They were just meant as covers†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (line 1) says the narrator. However, the â€Å"October ripened canvases† (line 6) that the narrator awoke to each morning meant much more than a simple blanket to ward off chill, but instead, a scrapbook of the past. The speaker watches as the mother compiles this scrapbook of fabrics that have outlived their usefulness. By recalling how the loose edges of cloth were tucked in by the mother’s needle, the speaker also remembers how the mother would tuck in the kids at bedtime (lines 21-22). Each scrap seems to tell its own story, from curtains in a house in Michigan to a â€Å"Santa Fe workshirt† (line 25). All of the pieces remind the speaker of a time, place or season in which they were used. By relating these associations, the speaker is commenting on how memory itself is pieced together like ragged scraps (â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts†, Explanation). The poem continues to identify the good memories that the mother causes by shaping together the pieces of fabric until it speaks of the black funeral dress (lines 35-36). The mother wore this somber black silk to her mother’s funeral and includes a star-shaped scrap of it in one of her quilts. By mentioning the good memories as well as the painful, the speaker is reminding us that all memories and experiences are combined of lights and darks, good times and bad (Acosta, â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts†, Exploring Poe... Free Essays on My Mother Pieced Quilts Free Essays on My Mother Pieced Quilts A Tapestry of Memories The poem, â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts,† by Teresa Palomo Acosta, focuses on the mother’s talent for weaving memories out of old fabric that is otherwise useless. The cloth has come from many different sources, each with it’s own nostalgic significance-communion dresses, wedding gowns, nightclothes, and â€Å"dime store velvets† (Acosta, â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts†, Exploring Poetry, Explanation). Each loose strip of fabric reminds the narrator of her childhood memories-the good ones and the bad. â€Å"They were just meant as covers†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (line 1) says the narrator. However, the â€Å"October ripened canvases† (line 6) that the narrator awoke to each morning meant much more than a simple blanket to ward off chill, but instead, a scrapbook of the past. The speaker watches as the mother compiles this scrapbook of fabrics that have outlived their usefulness. By recalling how the loose edges of cloth were tucked in by the mother’s needle, the speaker also remembers how the mother would tuck in the kids at bedtime (lines 21-22). Each scrap seems to tell its own story, from curtains in a house in Michigan to a â€Å"Santa Fe workshirt† (line 25). All of the pieces remind the speaker of a time, place or season in which they were used. By relating these associations, the speaker is commenting on how memory itself is pieced together like ragged scraps (â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts†, Explanation). The poem continues to identify the good memories that the mother causes by shaping together the pieces of fabric until it speaks of the black funeral dress (lines 35-36). The mother wore this somber black silk to her mother’s funeral and includes a star-shaped scrap of it in one of her quilts. By mentioning the good memories as well as the painful, the speaker is reminding us that all memories and experiences are combined of lights and darks, good times and bad (Acosta, â€Å"My Mother Pieced Quilts†, Exploring Poe...

Knight Surname Meaning and Origin

Knight Surname Meaning and Origin The common surname Knight is a status name from the Middle English knyghte, meaning knight. While it may refer to someone who was actually a knight, it was a name often taken by servants in a royal or knightly household, or even to one who won a title in a contest of skill. The Knight surname may have originally derived from the Old English criht, meaning boy or serving lad, as an occupational name for a domestic servant. Surname Origin:  EnglishAlternate Spellings:  KNIGHTS, KNIGHTE, KNECHTEN, KNICHTLIN   Where People With the KNIGHT Surname Live According to surname distribution data from  Forebears, the Knight surname is most commonly found in the United States, where it ranks 204th and is most prevalent in the Falkland Islands, where it ranks 20th. WorldNames PublicProfiler  puts the Knight surname as most popular in southern England, and Knight is the 90th most common surname in England. Knight is also a common last name in Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Isle of Man. Famous People With the KNIGHT Last Name Newton Knight -  American farmer, soldier, and southern UnionistBobby Knight  - retired American basketball coachDaniel Ridgway Knight  - American artist Genealogy Resources for the Surname KNIGHT Contrary to what you may have heard, there is no such thing as a Knight family crest or coat of arms for the Knight surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Records for different Knight families exist all over the world and online. Examples include the genealogy of Joseph Knight Sr. and his wife, Polly Peck, of New Hampshire and New York, including both ancestors and descendants. You can find research on the history of the family of Charles Knight, of Virginia, Georgia, and Louisiana. Search this popular genealogy forum for the Knight surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Knight genealogy query. GeneaNets Knight Records include archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Knight surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. You can also browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records at the Knight genealogy and family tree at Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Epistles to the Corinthians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Epistles to the Corinthians - Essay Example Although Paul is considered to have been one of the most accessible of early church figures, he has nevertheless proven difficult to identify in terms of who he was as a man.   Attempting to define Paul, author Victor Paul Furnish (1994) identifies two Pauls, one identified in his relation within the church and one identified in his historical context.   Within the church, he is determined to be the apostle for the Gentiles as Colossians highlights his function as a missionary to them and as Ephesians grants them equal status with the Jews as beneficiaries of the promises of Christ (Beker, 1991: Chs. 3 & 4).   Historically, there is evidence that Paul was a Pharisee prior to embarking upon his missionary work, but this provides less information than one might otherwise assume (Saldarini, 1988).   â€Å"Precisely as a Jew, and subsequently as a Jewish Christian, he [Paul] was also very much a man of the Hellenistic age: apparently trained in the subjects that constituted the lower and middle levels of Hellenistic education, clearly at home among the socially elite of urban society, both willing and able to engage the religious and intellectual concerns of the non-Jewish world† (Furnish, 1994: 11).   Combining these two viewpoints, Furnish indicates that Paul was a man of tremendous but practical conviction.   He had a firm grasp on his faith and beliefs, but was cognizant of the need to adapt the message to suit the needs of the audience.   He consistently placed his orations on the level of his opinion or interpretation.

Credit Default Swaps and Their Role in the 2008 Global Financial Essay

Credit Default Swaps and Their Role in the 2008 Global Financial Crisis - Essay Example They contributed to the financial crisis, but they were not the sole cause. Banks as well adopted the wrong investment vehicles that increased their potential risks. Further more, the interconnectedness within the financial institutions made the risks to spill over to from one financial institution to the other. Also, the manner in which assets were valued was not effective. It disregarded depreciation and other market forces affecting the prices of assets. Risk management models were not effective in helping to minimize risky lending. Changes in government regulation were also a major factor contributing to the crisis. The complexity of financial instruments and mathematical models for risk management made them ineffective. People had the wrong speculations in regard to the sustainability of high market prices for houses. The prices later dropped leading to enormous losses. Dishonesty was also a major failure in the operations of the credit rating agencies. On the other hand, there were few players in a large market, making their financial status a major determinant of the market strength. The housing policies aimed at facilitating home ownership led to a housing boom in these years. People applied for mortgage that was easily accessible especially due to the low interest rates that had been lowered in order to ensure that the low income borrowers could acquire homes through mortgage. Many people invested in them instead of the original idea of residential houses. Many subprime mortgages were issued with most of them ending up with unqualified borrowers who could not repay. The current financial crisis in the United States began back in 2007. This global financial crisis came several decades after the Great Depression that occurred between 1929 and 1941. Housing policies were put in place in 1937, with the housing act aimed at making houses affordable to the low income earners. This was to be achieved through offering long term loans at

Personality Development Case Essay Example for Free

Personality Development Case Essay Success in business and personal life is determined by one’s ability to communicate effectively with others. â€Å"Social intelligence,† or the ability to interact, converse, negotiate with, and persuade others, is the most highly paid and respected form of skill one can have, and this can be developed. Students participating in this program will experience a drastic transformation in terms of personality, communication skills, confidence level and the way of looking at life. The entire program is based on the concept of learning and acquiring skills most effectively when one is not under any pressure. The whole process of acquiring skills is like a game – entertaining and exciting. It is similar to the way a child learns to communicate and acquire skills, but with greater awareness. Basic Personality Development Workshop A wholistic workshop focused on the persons appearance, social graces, and personality. This workshop will help the participants to project themselves in a corporate setting thru social graces and etiquette. Presence, Polish, and Power Workshop This workshop aims to help participants project a confident, professional and polished image. The Art of Business Dining This is a comprehensive session on everything one needs to know about fine dining: from use of basic tools to engaging in table talk. The objective of this course is to help the individual create a positive impression with others and enhance the image of the company he or she represents. Wellness in the Workplace This workshop was designed for leaders and persons who will eventually manage teams. Stress affects productivity and teamwork. Its therefore important for a leader to address actual and potential stressors in the office and at home. Creating Lasting Connections This workshop serves as an introduction to the science of social intelligence it will help you gain insights on human relations; how to better read people, situations and react accordingly. Key Topics * Personality Development * Confidence Building * Business Etiquette * Corporate Grooming * International Etiquette * Social Etiquette * Dining Etiquette / Table Manners * Gentlemen Etiquette * Ladies Etiquette * English Voice / Accent * Dress Code * Presentation Skills * Personal Counseling

Gay Marriage Essay -- Same-Sex Marriage Essays

Gay Marriage There seem to be Specific time in history where certain issues define the culture tension in a society. They become representative of large worldview and clearly emphasize the battle between divergent moral and spiritual perspectives. Homosexual marriage in the United States is one of these issues. In the past five years, there have been various threats and debates about the possibility of legalizing homosexual union. The issue took centre stage in February largely. The U.S Senate quashes a proposed constitutional amendment to ban gays from marrying. President Bush and other same-sex marriage opponents say they will try again. Most of Americans are against same-sex marriage because how the nation would change if gay were allowed to marry. Gay marriage could affects on American society in many different ways. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Polygamy. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Federal spending. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religious speech. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Civil Rights. First, it is more likely to lead to polygamy. For instance, says legalizing same-sex marriage will open the floodgates to polygamy. The more government moves towards sanctioning homosexual relationships, the less right it has to prevent plural marriage. The idea that same-sex marriage could lead to polygamy is â€Å"Not beyond the bounds of reality, although incredibly unlikely,† said Michael Allen who teaches constitutional law at Stetson university college of law in Gulf port. We do not see that is as a realistic view. For instance, it is highly doubtful that solemnizing the union of accepting adults, equal in power in their relationships, would lead to acceptance of polygamous unions, which have, throughout most of history in those societies that have accepted them. â€Å"If one man can marry anther man, you need to ask then, what is it that you doing by prohibiting one man from marrying two women?† â€Å"What’s the evil that you are tying to prevent?† â€Å"If same sex marriage is legalized there is no natural stopping point in redefining what is or is not acceptable.† It would take much longer to legalize polygamy then gay marriage because it is more socially taboo.† That is the reason that polygamists would get away with trying to take credit on same sex marriage (Attorney John Bucher). Second, gay marriage will affect on t... ...arched alongside Martin Luther King Jr, said the proposed Marriage protection Act was a step backward in civil rights. â€Å"Those of us who came through the civil rights movement saw the federal courts as a sympathetic referee. If it had not been for the federal courts, where would we be? If it had not been for the supreme court of 1954, there would still be legalized segregation in America to vote for this legislation would be like members of congress trying to stand in the courthouse door, just like Government. Wallace stood in the schoolhouse door to stop the integration of Alabama schools today it is gay marriage, tomorrow it will be something else†. In conclusion, it seems that the basic problem facing the problem is the limits between a right and privilege. The problem with an issue like marriage is that it is neither a right nor a privilege. In its simplest form a marriage is a union between consenting souls to share assets, responsibility, and form a â€Å"Unit†. We have the right to life, liberty, and a pursuit of happiness, we do not; but it is a system that not only works well but has also been established as our system of laws. So the idea about gay marriage should be banned.

Educational Reform in the Philippines

The Giant planets Lesson 8. 8 Introduction: Gas giants fall into different categories. So-called â€Å"traditional† gas giants include Jupiter. Jupiter is such a classic example of a gas giant that gas giants are often referred to as Jovian planets despite the fact that some gas giants ,ice giants for instance are very different from Jupiter. Traditional gas giants have high levels of hydrogen and helium. Another category of gas giants is ice giants. Ice giants are also composed of small amounts of hydrogen and helium; however, they have high levels of what are called â€Å"ices. These ices include methane, water, and ammonia. I. Objectives: A. Identify the different kinds of giants planet B. Explain the structure of the giants planets II. Learning Content: There are four gas giants in our Solar System: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. As noted, Jupiter is a traditional gas giant. Saturn is also a traditional gas giant. However, Uranus and Neptune are ice giants. Their b lue color is due to the large amounts of methane in the planets. All of the gas giants in our Solar System have planetary ring system, and they are all much larger than the terrestrial planets in the Solar System. All of the gas giants in our Solar System also have many moons. Again, Jupiter holds the record with 63   moons discovered so far. Outer Planets For the outer planets, the division is more distinct, with the inner two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn being quite different in many ways from the outer two gas giants, Uranus and Neptune. In terms of size, Saturn, with a diameter of 120,000km is not a world away from Jupiter, with a 142,000km diameter. However the other two planets, Uranus and Neptune have diameters of ‘only' 51,800km and 50,000km respectively – roughly the size of the core of Saturn or Jupiter. This large size difference is responsible for many other differences between the two groups, for instance Jupiter and Saturn both have sufficiently high internal pressures to ‘squeeze' large quantities of Hydrogen into a metallic state in their cores, whilst Uranus and Neptune can produce only a tiny fraction of this amount. As a consequence, their magnetic fields are much smaller than those of Saturn and Jupiter, whose magnetic fields are generated in large part thanks to electrical currents moving through this material. JUPITER| SATURN| URANUS| Diameter| 142,600 km| Average Distance from Sun| 778,412,010 km| Mass| 1. 90 x 1027 kg| Size compared to Earth| 11x| Gravity compared to Earth| 2. 34x| Surface Temperature| 165 K| Length of day| 9 hours 50 minutes| Length of year| 11. 84 years| Eccentricity of Orbit| 0. 048| Density| 1. 33 gm/cm3| Moons| 63| Atmosphere| Hydrogen – 90% Helium – 10% Traces of Methane & Ammonia| | Diameter| 120,200 km| Average Distance from Sun| 1,427 million km| Mass| 5. 68 x 1026 kg| Size Compared to Earth (Diameter)| 9x| Gravity compared to Earth| 0. 93x| Cloud-Top Temperature| -180 °C| Length of Day| 10 hours 14 mins| Length of Year| 29. 46 Earth years| Eccentricity of Orbit| 0. 056| Moons| 30+| Density| 0. 70gm/cm3| Atmosphere| Hydrogen – 94% Helium – 6% Traces of Methane, Ammonia & Water Vapour| | Diameter| 51,800 km| Average Distance from Sun| 2,871 million km 19. 2AU| Mass| 8. 68 x 1025 kg| Size compared to Earth (Diameter)| 4x| Gravity compared to Earth| 0. 79x| Surface temperature| -210 °C| Length of Day| 17 hours 14 mins(Retrograde)| Length of Year| 84. 01 Earth years| Eccentricity of Orbit| 0. 046| Moons| 21| Density| 1. 30gm/cm3| Atmosphere| Hydrogen – 85% Helium – 13% Methane – 2%| | Diameter| 49,528 km| Average Distance from Sun| 4,501 million km| Mass| 1. 02 x 1026kg| Size compared to Earth| 3. 8x| Gravity compared to Earth| 1. 2x| Cloud-Top Temperature| -220 °C| Length of Day| 16. 11 hours| Length of Year| 164. 8 Earth years| Eccentricity of Orbit| 0. 009| Moons| 8| Density| 1. 76 gm/cm3| Atmosphere| Hydrogen – 85% Helium – 13% Methane – 2%| Test yourself A. Write the word/s describe in each number. ______________1. Planets had 63 moons ______________2. It is a large planet in a solar system _____________ 3. Planets had eight moons ______________4. Roman God of Agriculture ______________5. A Dwarf among Giants planet B. Write true if the statement is correct and if it is false write the correct word above the underlined concept. _______________1. Jovian planet refers to the Roman god Jupiter _______________2. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are often called â€Å"Gas Giants _______________3. Giant planets had a coldness atmosphere _______________4. Uranus has an extreme tilt that causes its seasons to be severely marked. _______________5. Hot Jupiter also called roaster planets. Written report In Astronomy Submitted by: Marilyn G. Habla Rodel Hererra BEED CC3A

What’s on Human Mind?

[pic] [pic] Joni Mitchell Submitted to: Dr. Remedios Biavati Submitted by: Jacqueline T. Sangalang 2P4 LIT101A Joni Mitchell Born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943 is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in her native Western Canada and then busking on the streets of Toronto. In the mid-1960s she left for New York City and its rich folk music scene, recording her debut album in 1968 and achieving fame first as a songwriter (â€Å"Urge for Going†, â€Å"Chelsea Morning†, â€Å"Both Sides Now†, â€Å"Woodstock†) and then as a singer in her own right. Finally settling in Southern California, Mitchell played a key part in the folk rock movement then sweeping the musical landscape. Blue, her starkly personal 1971 album, is regarded as one of the strongest and most influential records of the time. Mitchell also had pop hits such as â€Å"Big Yellow Taxi†, â€Å"Free Man in Paris†, and â€Å"Help Me†, the last two from 1974's best-selling Court and Spark. Mitchell's soprano vocals, distinctive harmonic guitar style, and piano arrangements all grew more complex through the 1970s as she was deeply influenced by jazz, melding it with pop, folk and rock on experimental albums like 1976's Hejira. She worked closely with jazz greats including Pat Metheny, Wayne Shorter, Jaco Pastorius, Herbie Hancock, and on a 1979 record released after his death, Charles Mingus. From the 1980s on, Mitchell reduced her recording and touring schedule but turned again toward pop, making greater use of synthesizers and direct political protest in her lyrics, which often tackled social and environmental themes alongside romantic and emotional ones. Mitchell's work is highly respected both by critics and fellow musicians. Rolling Stone magazine called her â€Å"one of the greatest songwriters ever,† while All music said, â€Å"When the dust settles, Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century. By the end of the century, Mitchell had a profound influence on artists in genres ranging from R&B to alternative rock to jazz. Mitchell is also a visual artist. She made the artwork for each of her albums, and in 2000 described herself as a â€Å"painter derailed by circumstance. † A blunt critic of the music industry, Mitchell had stopped recording over the last several years, focusing more a ttention on painting, but in 2007 she released Shine, her first album of new songs in nine years. Cultural Background Western Canada Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces and commonly as the West, is a region of Canada generally including all parts of Canada west of the province of Ontario. The West is considered by many to be a cultural region with an identity separate from that of the rest of Canada. The special cultural, political and economic characteristics of â€Å"the West† are, however, not universally agreed upon, nor are its eographical limits and stereotypes of the West mask the cultural, physical and historical differences within this vast and varied region. In Canadian politics, the term â€Å"the West† is used misleadingly in Canadian media style guides as shorthand for the Conservative leanings of Western Canadians, as contrasted with the greater likelihood for candidates from either the Liberal Party of Canada or the New Democratic Party (NDP) to be elected in Central Canada (although the NDP's roots are in Saskatchewan and Britis h Columbia). Exceptions exist, particularly in British Columbia, as well as in the prairie cities of Winnipeg and Regina, where the Liberal Party currently hold seats, as well as in other major urban centers such as Edmonton where Liberal and NDP candidates have been elected in recent history. The social democratic NDP had its origins on the Canadian Prairies and in the mining and pulp mill towns and railway camps of British Columbia, and has a history of support in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Both Sides Now Composed and Performed by Joni Mitchell Rows and flows of angel hair, And ice cream castles in the air, And feathered canyons everywhere, I've looked at clouds that way, But now they only block the sun. They rain and snow on everyone. So many things I would have done, But clouds got in my way. I've looked at clouds from both sides now, From up and down, and still somehow, Its clouds illusions I recall. I really don't know clouds at all. Moons and Junes and Ferris wheels, the dizzy dancing way you feel As every fairy tale comes real; I've looked at love that way. But now it's just another show. You leave 'em laughing when you go And if you care, don't let them know, don't give yourself away. I've looked at love from both sides now, From give and take, and still somehow It’s love's illusions I recall. I really don't know love at all. Tears and fears and feeling proud, to say â€Å"I love you† right out loud, Dreams and schemes and circus crowds, I've looked at life that way. But now old friends are acting strange, they shake their heads, They say I've changed. Something's lost but something's gained in living every day. I've looked at life from both sides now, From win and lose, and still somehow It’s life's illusions I recall. I really don't know life at all. Both Sides Now is a concept album by Joni Mitchell released in 2000. It traces the progress of the modern relationship through Mitchell's orchestral renditions of classic jazz songs. Two of Mitchell's own songs are also included, â€Å"A Case of You† (1971) and â€Å"Both Sides, Now† (1969). The orchestra was arranged and conducted by Vince Mendoza. In the liner notes, co-producer Larry Klein describes the album as â€Å"a programmatic suite documenting a relationship from initial flirtation through optimistic consummation, metamorphosing into disillusionment, ironic despair, and finally resolving in the philosophical overview of acceptance and the probability of the cycle repeating itself†. A limited run of copies were released on February 8, 2000, in special chocolate-box packaging for Valentine's Day, including several lithographs of original Mitchell paintings. Many of these were returned to stores as the CD holder in the box would not reliably hold the disc and copies often arrived scratched. A regular jewel-case edition was released on March 20, 2000. Both Sides Now is also available on DVD-Audio. As of December 2007, the album has sold 323,000 copies in the United States. On the concert tour tie-in to this album, Mitchell performed the songs in the same sequence, but opened with an overture, â€Å"Nuages† — the first movement from Nocturnes, an orchestral suite composed by French composer Claude Debussy. â€Å"Nuages† means â€Å"clouds† in English. While the music certainly sets a romantic mood, the usage of this piece can be seen as a clever pun, since Clouds is also the name of the album on which the song â€Å"Both Sides, Now† made its original appearance. Both the album and the title song are featured in the film Love Actually (2003). *The picture on the upper left was the cover of Joni’s album, â€Å"CLOUD. REACTION I think this song means that people have different perceptions of what love and life are all about when they're children as opposed to when they're adults. When we were children, we saw love as a fairytale, hence the line: â€Å"Moons and Junes and Ferris wheels, the dizzy dancing way you f eel, as every fairytale comes real; I've looked at love that way. † But when we became adults, we realized that love is NOT a fairytale, thus the line: â€Å"But now it's just another show. You leave 'em laughing when you go, and if you care, don't let them know, don't give yourself away. Love and life can be painful, and children don't see that. They see love and life as a fairytale. It possibly means also that, there is no correct answer when it comes to fragile things like love and life. They are too big and meaningful to be summed up by anything. There are certain things in life you can never learn about from a book or from other people, like this song suggests life and love; you have to experience them, because they are different for every person. We'll never understand everything. You can be an idealist, or you can be a cynic, but you're silly if you think you understand it all.

to kill a mockingbird notes essays

to kill a mockingbird notes essays To Kill A Mockingbird - Chapters 18-19 Mayella testifies next, a reasonably clean nineteen-year- old girl who is obviously terrified. She says that she called Tom Robinson inside the fence that evening and offered him a nickel to break up a dresser for her, and that once he got inside the house he grabbed her and took advantage of her. In Atticus' cross-examination, Mayella reveals that she has seven siblings to care for, a drunken father, and no friends. Then Atticus examines her testimony and asks why she didn't put up a better fight, why her screams didn't bring the other children running, andmost importantlyhow Tom Robinson managed the crime with a useless left hand, torn apart by a cotton gin when he was a boy. Atticus begs her to admit that there was no rape, that her father beat her. She shouts at him and calls the courtroom cowards if they don't convict Tom Robinson, and then bursts into tears refusing to answer any more questions. In the recess that follows, Mr. Underwood notices the children up in the balcony, but Jem tells Scout that the newspaper editor won't tell Atticus although he might include it in the social section of the newspaper. The prosecution rests, and Atticus calls only one witnessTom Robinson. Tom testifies that he always passed the Ewell house on the way to work, and that Mayella often asked him to do chores for her. On the evening in question, she asked him to come inside the house and fix a door. When he got inside, however, there was nothing wrong with the door, and he noticed that the other children were gone. Mayella told him that she had saved her money and sent them all to buy ice cream, and then she asked him to lift a box down from a dresser. When he climbed up on a chair, she grabbed his legs, scaring him so much that he jumped down. Then she hugged him around the waist, and asked him to kiss her. As she struggled, her father appeared at the window, calling Mayella a whore and thr...

Bitwise Operations in VB.NET

Bitwise Operations in VB.NET VB.NET doesnt support bit level operations directly. Framework 1.1 (VB.NET 2003) introduced bit shift operators ( and ), but no general purpose way to manipulate individual bits is available. Bit operations can be very useful. For example, your program might have to interface with another system that requires bit manipulation. But in addition, there are a lot of tricks that can be done using individual bits. This article surveys what can be done with bit manipulation using VB.NET. You need to understand bitwise operators before anything else. In VB.NET, these are: And Or Xor Not Bitwise simply means that the operations can be performed on two binary numbers bit by bit. Microsoft uses truth tables to document bitwise operations. The truth table for And is: 1st Bit  Ã‚  Ã‚  2nd Bit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Result  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 In my school, they taught Karnaugh maps instead. The Karnaugh map for all four operations are shown in the illustration below. Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return Heres a simple example using the And operation with two, four bit binary numbers: The result of 1100 And 1010 is 1000. Thats because 1 And 1 is 1 (the first bit) and the rest are 0. To begin with, lets take a look at the bit operations that are directly supported in VB.NET: bit shifting. Although both left shift and right shift are available, they work the same way so only left shift will be discussed. Bit shifting is most often used in cryptography, image processing and communications. VB.NETs bit shifting operations ... Only work with the four types of integers: Byte, Short, Integer, and Long Are arithmetic shifting operations. That means that bits shifted past the end of the result are thrown away, and the bit positions opened up on the other end are set to zero. The alternative is called circular bit shifting and the bits shifted past one end are simply added to the other. VB.NET doesnt support circular bit shifting directly. If you need it, youll have to code it the old fashioned way: multiplying or dividing by 2. Never generate an overflow exception. VB.NET takes care of any possible problems and Ill show you what that means. As noted, you can code your own bit shifting by multiplying or dividing by 2, but if you use the code your own approach, you have to test for overflow exceptions that can cause your program to crash. A standard bit shifting operation would look something like this: Dim StartingValue As Integer 14913080Dim ValueAfterShifting As IntegerValueAfterShifting StartingValue 50 In words, this operation takes the binary value 0000 0000 1110 0011 1000 1110 0011 1000 (14913080 is the equivalent decimal value - notice that its just a series of 3 0s and 3 1s repeated a few times) and shifts it 50 places left. But since an Integer is only 32 bits long, shifting it 50 places is meaningless. VB.NET solves this problem by masking the shift count with a standard value that matches the data type being used. In this case, ValueAfterShifting is an Integer so the maximum that can be shifted is 32 bits. The standard mask value that works is 31 decimal or 11111. Masking means that the value, in this case 50, is Anded with the mask. This gives the maximum number of bits that can actually be shifted for that data type. In decimal: 50 And 31 is 18 - The maximum number of bits that can be shifted It actually makes more sense in binary. The high order bits that cant be used for the shifting operation are simply stripped away. 110010 And 11111 is 10010 When the code snippet is executed, the result is 954204160 or, in binary, 0011 1000 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000. The 18 bits on the left side of the first binary number are shifted off and the 14 bits on the right side are shifted left. The other big problem with shifting bits is what happens when the number of places to shift is a negative number. Lets use -50 as the number of bits to shift and see what happens. ValueAfterShifting StartingValue -50 When this code snippet is executed, we get -477233152 or 1110 0011 1000 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 in binary. The number has been shifted 14 places left. Why 14? VB.NET assumes that the number of places is an unsigned integer and does an And operation with the same mask (31 for Integers). 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 11100000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 1111(And)0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1110 1110 in binary is 14 decimal. Notice that this is the reverse of shifting a positive 50 places. On the next page, we move on to some other bit operations, starting with Xor Encryption! I mentioned that one use of bit operations is encryption. Xor encryption is a popular and simple way to encrypt a file. In my article, Very Simple Encryption using VB.NET, I show you a better way using string manipulation instead. But Xor encryption is so common that it deserves to at least be explained. Encrypting a text string means translating it into another text string that doesnt have an obvious relationship to the first one. You also need a way to decrypt it again. Xor encryption translates the binary ASCII code for each character in the string into another character using the Xor operation. In order to do this translation, you need another number to use in the Xor. This second number is called the key. Xor encryption is called a symmetric algorithm. This means that we can use the encryption key as the decryption key too. Lets use A as the key and encrypt the word Basic. The ASCII code for A is: 0100 0001 (decimal 65) The ASCII code for Basic is: B - 0100 0010a - 0110 0001s - 0111 0011i - 0110 1001c - 0110 0011 The Xor of each of these is: 0000 0011 - decimal 30010 0000 - decimal 320011 0010 - decimal 500010 1000 - decimal 400010 0010 - decimal 34 This little routine does the trick: Xor Encryption Dim i As ShortResultString.Text Dim KeyChar As IntegerKeyChar Asc(EncryptionKey.Text)For i 1 To Len(InputString.Text)  Ã‚  Ã‚  ResultString.Text _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chr(KeyChar Xor _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asc(Mid(InputString.Text, i, 1)))Next The result can be seen in this illustration: Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return To reverse the encryption, just copy and paste the string from the Result TextBox back into the String TextBox and click the button again. Another example of something you can do with bitwise operators is to swap two Integers without declaring a third variable for temporary storage. This is the kind of thing they used to do in assembly language programs years ago. Its not too useful now, but you might win a bet someday if you can find someone who doesnt believe you can do it. In any case, if you still have questions about how Xor works, working through this should put them to rest. Heres the code: Dim FirstInt As IntegerDim SecondInt As IntegerFirstInt CInt(FirstIntBox.Text)SecondInt CInt(SecondIntBox.Text)FirstInt FirstInt Xor SecondIntSecondInt FirstInt Xor SecondIntFirstInt FirstInt Xor SecondIntResultBox.Text First Integer: _  Ã‚  Ã‚  FirstInt.ToString - _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second Integer: _  Ã‚  Ã‚  SecondInt.ToString And heres the code in action: Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return Figuring out exactly why this works will be left as as an exercise for the student. On the next page, we reach the goal: General Bit Manipulation Although these tricks are fun and educational, theyre still no substitute for general bit manipulation. If you really get down to the level of bits, what you want is a way to examine individual bits, set them, or change them. Thats the real code that is missing from .NET. Perhaps the reason its missing is that its not that hard to write subroutines that accomplish the same thing. A typical reason you might want to do this is to maintain what is sometimes called a flag byte. Some applications, especially those written in low level languages like assembler, will maintain eight boolean flags in a single byte. For example, a 6502 processor chips status register holds this information in a single 8 bit byte: Bit 7. Negative flagBit 6. Overflow flagBit 5. UnusedBit 4. Break flagBit 3. Decimal flagBit 2. Interrupt-disable flagBit 1. Zero flagBit 0. Carry flag (from Wikipedia) If your code has to work with this kind of data, you need general purpose bit manipulation code. This code will do the job! The ClearBit Sub clears the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Sub ClearBit(ByRef MyByte, ByVal MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim BitMask As Int16  Ã‚  Ã‚   Create a bitmask with the 2 to the nth power bit set:  Ã‚  Ã‚  BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clear the nth Bit:  Ã‚  Ã‚  MyByte MyByte And Not BitMaskEnd Sub The ExamineBit function will return True or False depending on the value of the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Function ExamineBit(ByVal MyByte, ByVal MyBit) As Boolean  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim BitMask As Int16  Ã‚  Ã‚  BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  ExamineBit ((MyByte And BitMask) 0)End Function The SetBit Sub will set the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Sub SetBit(ByRef MyByte, ByVal MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim BitMask As Int16  Ã‚  Ã‚  BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  MyByte MyByte Or BitMaskEnd Sub The ToggleBit Sub will change the state of the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Sub ToggleBit(ByRef MyByte, ByV al MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim BitMask As Int16  Ã‚  Ã‚  BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  MyByte MyByte Xor BitMaskEnd Sub To demonstrate the code, this routine calls it (parameters not coded on Click Sub): Private Sub ExBitCode_Click( ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim Byte1, Byte2 As Byte  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim MyByte, MyBit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim StatusOfBit As Boolean  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim SelectedRB As String  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusLine.Text   Ã‚  Ã‚  SelectedRB GetCheckedRadioButton(Me).Name  Ã‚  Ã‚  Byte1 ByteNum.Text Number to be converted into Bit Flags  Ã‚  Ã‚  Byte2 BitNum.Text Bit to be toggled  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following clears the high-order byte returns only the  Ã‚  Ã‚   low order byte:  Ã‚  Ã‚  MyByte Byte1 And HFF  Ã‚  Ã‚  MyBit Byte2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Select Case SelectedRB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case ClearBitButton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ClearBit(MyByte, MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusLine.Text New Byte: MyByte  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case ExamineBitButton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusOfBit ExamineBit(MyByte, MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusLine.Text Bit MyBit _  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   is StatusOfBit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case SetBitButton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SetBit(MyByte, MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusLine.Text New Byte: MyByte  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case ToggleBitButton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ToggleBit(MyByte, MyBit)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusLine.Text New Byte: MyByte  Ã‚  Ã‚  End SelectEnd SubPrivate Function GetCheckedRadioButton( _  Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal Parent As Control) _  Ã‚  Ã‚  As RadioButton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim FormControl As Control  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim RB As RadioButton  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Each FormControl In Parent.Controls  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If FormControl.GetType() Is GetType(RadioButton) Then  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RB DirectCast(FormControl, RadioButton)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If RB.Checked Then Return RB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  End If  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next  Ã‚  Ã‚  Return NothingEnd Function The code in action looks like this: Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return

Application of Concept Analysis to Clinical Practice Essay

Application of Concept Analysis to Clinical Practice - Essay Example Some of the concepts that are related to nursing are health, nursing, parenting, coping, and managed care. A concept analysis is thus the primary action in communicating variables such as meanings, understandings and feelings. A concept is usually considered to be a measurable variable in a hypothesis, assumption, or proposition. â€Å"Nursing has traditionally valued processes of concept analysis for the identification of concepts suitable for subsequent research and as a means to determine the appropriate methodologies for investigating the concept of interest† (Penrod & Hupcey, 2004, p. 403). Shaun M. Ryles in his article ‘a concept analysis of empowerment: its relationship to mental health nursing’ had used the evolutionary concept analysis of Rodgers by clarifying the concept of ‘empowerment’ and the concept comparison of Morse in which the meaning of competing concepts are clarified. â€Å"Empowerment is described by Gibson (1991) as a composit e of three factors: attributes that relate to the client; attributes that relate to the nurse; and those that relate to the client and nurse† (Ryder, 2001). The evolutionary concept is used to clarify the term empowerment and this is done through the analysis of the characteristics of the term empowerment. ... Empowerment as a concept aroused from the movements of political awareness of the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. The concept was used in the movement for raising the political awareness among the people of the community. Thus the term empowerment is used in this article so as to raise the self awareness among the nurses as a result of empowerment. Empowerment is thus considered to be important so that they are capable of recognizing and fulfilling their individual responsibility and become accountable. The political willingness of the nurses is found to be meagre and it is said to be the result of the circumstances like subservient and deferential culture in which the nursing had grown. The lack of empowerment may further lead to tension and conflict which will have negative impact on the health care environment. â€Å"From these characteristics one can suggest that as a means of unifying the concept, empowerment can be seen as having a continuum that begins with an awa reness of something tangible, usually a deficit, and then proceeds to a point at which the actors feel this has been corrected† (Ryles, 1999, p. 602). Based on the literature, author divided the concept of empowerment into two models: Psychological model and community or political model. The psychological model is related to the humanistic approach to nursing practice giving emphasis to self-awareness and personal growth. The psychological model gives the path to the empowerment through the relationships. Thus it is related to the closeness of the people. The political model which is influenced by the humanistic perspective gives emphasis to the concept of synergy. The political model gives importance to the development of political consciousness. It is been made clear that the